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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Draganska, Michaela; Klapper, Daniel; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| This research aims to provide insights into the determinants of channel profitability and the relative power in the channel by considering consumer demand and the interactions between manufacturers and retailers in an equilibrium model. In a departure from the standard empirical channel literature, which assumes that manufacturers set wholesale prices unilaterally, we explicitly model the negotiations between manufacturers and retailers. To this end, we formulate a Nash bargaining game to determine wholesale prices and thus how margins are split in the channel. Equilibrium margins are thus a function of demand primitives and of retailer and manufacturer bargaining power. Bargaining power is itself a function of exogenous retail and manufacturer... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6054 |
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| Hallstein, Eric; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| This paper empirically investigates consumer response to a traffic light advisory for environmentally sustainable seafood, which was implemented in the seafood department of a regional supermarket chain in the United States. Green meant 'best choice'; yellow meant 'proceed with caution'; red meant 'worst choice'. Using a unique product-level panel scanner data set capturing sales information for 2 treatment stores and 8 nearby control stores, we apply a difference-in-differences identification strategy to estimate the impact of color-coded labels on consumers' purchases. We find that the advisory leads to no significant difference in total seafood sales. Green sales significantly increase an average of 29% per week; yellow sales significantly decrease an... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Sustainable seafood; Fisheries crisis; FishWise; Traffic light advisory; Mercury; Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120535 |
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| Chambolle, Claire; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| This paper shows that retailers may choose to offer products differentiated in quality to consumers, not to relax downstream competition, but to improve their buyer power in the negotiation with their supplier. We consider a simple vertical industry where two producers sell products differentiated in quality to two retailers who operate in separated markets. In the game, first retailers choose which product to carry, then each retailer and her chosen producer bargain over the terms of a two-part tariff contract and retailers finally choose the quantities. When upstream production costs are convex, the share of the total profits going to the retailer would be higher if they choose to differentiate. We thus isolate the wish to differentiate as "only" due to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Buyer Power; Product line; Differentiation; Marketing; L13; L42. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6866 |
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| Huang, Rui; Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| Although many theoretical industrial organization models are based on the existence of a critical mass of exogenously "brand loyal" consumers, we find little empirical evidence supporting these assumptions in the orange juice retail market. There are very few loyal consumers. More importantly, the frequency with which stores conduct sales affects the share of loyal types so that loyalty is endogenous rather than exogenous. Households demographics have statistically significant but economically minor effects on switching behavior. Switching across frozen and refrigerated states is very common, leading to more complicated substitution patterns and less loyalty than one observes looking at each state separately. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Loyalty; Sales; Industrial Organization; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25062 |
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| Hilger, James; Rafert, Greg; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| There exist two significant obstacles to analyzing the effect of expert opinion on consumer demand for experience goods: (1) the relationship between good reviews and high product demand may be spurious and driven by high product quality, and (2) even if expert opinion increases consumer demand, it is unclear whether it does so by providing quality information or by alerting consumers to the existence of a particular product. We utilize an experimental approach in a retail grocery chain in which we display expert opinion information for a group of randomly selected wines to overcome these obstacles. We find that although there is no overall consumer response to expert opinion provision, a subset of highly reviewed wines experienced an increase in demand.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6055 |
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| Kiesel, Kristin; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| This paper investigates consumer reactions to changes in information provision regarding organic production. Quantitative analyses focus on the actual implementation of mandatory labeling guidelines under the National Organic Program. The unique nature of the fluid milk market in combination with these regulatory changes allows us to place a value on information sets under different labeling regimes. Hedonic price functions provide an initial reference point for analyses of individual responses. A random utility discrete choice model serves as the primary econometric specification and allows consideration of consumer preference heterogeneity along observable household demographics. Our results indicate that the USDA organic seal increases the probability... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7187 |
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| Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto; Villas-Boas, J. Miguel. |
| Sellers of almost any product or service rarely keep their prices constant through time, and frequently offer price discounts or sales. This paper investigates an explanation of sales as a way for uninformed consumers to be willing to experience the product, and learn about its fit, and where informed consumers may forget about (or change) their preferences. We investigate the role of the rate of forgetting on the timing between sales, and of the rate of learning and menu costs on the length of a sale. We also investigate the effect of a seller carrying multiple products on the pattern of sales. Using price series from supermarket categories, and given the assumed simplified preference structure, we obtain empirical estimates of the rates of learning and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7153 |
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| Brown, Jennifer; Mansur, Erin T.; Hastings, Justine; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments stipulated gasoline content requirements for metropolitan areas with air pollution levels above predetermined federal thresholds. The legislation led to exogenous changes in the type of gasoline required for sale across U.S. metropolitan areas. This paper uses a panel of detailed wholesale gasoline price data to estimate the effect of gasoline content regulation on wholesale prices and price volatility. In addition, we investigate the extent to which the estimated price effects are driven by changes in the number of suppliers versus geographic segmentation resulting from regulation. We find that prices in regulated metropolitan areas increase significantly, relative to a control group, by an average of 3.6 cents per... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L51; Q50. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25038 |
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| Berck, Peter; Brown, Jennifer; Perloff, Jeffrey M.; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| Modern theories of sales make conflicting predictions about the temporal pattern of sales, which we test using grocery scanner data. We examine both frozen orange juice, which consumers can store, and refrigerated orange juice, which is more perishable, to determine what role—if any—durability plays in the pattern of sales. We start with a simple reduced-form probit analysis to examine the timing of sales and whether sales are determined nationally by manufacturers or locally by retailers. We then turn to a vector autoregressive analysis and conduct Granger tests of temporal ordering (“causality tests”) to determine whether the sale of one brand is followed in a predictable way by the sale of another brand or its own later sales. Based on the VAR... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7165 |
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| de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto. |
| This paper has two objectives. The first is to analyze the effectiveness of the scarcity management strategy used for the Fall 2004 U.S. flu vaccine shortage, based on defining priority groups and calling on self-restraint to favor these groups. The second is to reveal differentiated behavioral responses across categories of individuals and the apparent motivations behind these responses. To do this, we observed the responses of the members of a campus population to two distinct randomized treatments in a designed field experiment during the flu vaccine shortage. Corresponding to the management strategy followed by the Center for Disease Control, one treatment provided information about a sharply reduced number of vaccination clinics (scarcity) and their... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Randomized experiment; Shortage; Self-restraint; Cheating; Health Economics and Policy; C93. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7162 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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